玉米淀粉颗粒的大小和形态知识

淀粉是由葡萄糖分子聚合而成的长链化合物。它是植物细胞中碳水化合物更常见的储存形式。它以颗粒状存在于细胞内，称为淀粉颗粒。在所有薄壁细胞中都有淀粉粒，特别是在各种贮藏器官中，如谷物的胚乳、果粒的子叶以及植物的根、块茎和根茎中都含有丰富的淀粉粒。

Starch is a long chain compound formed by the polymerization of glucose molecules. It is the most common form of carbohydrate storage in plant cells. It exists in cells in granular form, which is called starch granules. Starch grains are found in all parenchyma cells, especially in various storage organs, such as endosperm of grain, cotyledons of fruit grains, and roots, tubers and rhizomes of plants.

淀粉颗粒大小。在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察，玉米淀粉颗粒较小，大小为5-25μm，平均15μm，有少量3μm的小颗粒。粒度在各种生淀粉中中等。玉米淀粉具有较高的剪切稳定性、中等粘度、短粘度、不透明性和强回生性。

Starch particle size. Under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, corn starch particles are small, with a size of 5-25 μ m. Average 15 μ m. There are a few 3 μ M small particles. The particle size is medium in all kinds of raw starch. Corn starch has high shear stability, medium viscosity, short viscosity, opacity and strong regeneration.

淀粉颗粒形态。淀粉是植物通过光合作用形成的，不同植物来源的淀粉颗粒的形状、大小和形状各不相同；玉米淀粉颗粒的形状为圆形和多边形，生长在玉米粒的中上部粉状内胚层。淀粉颗粒在生长过程中受到的压力很小，大部分是圆形的。生长在胚芽两侧角质内胚层上的淀粉颗粒在生长过程中承受着很大的压力，被周围的蛋白质网络包围，形成一个多边形；

Starch granule morphology. Starch is formed by plants through photosynthesis. The shape, size and shape of starch particles from different plants are different; Corn starch granules are round and polygonal in shape and grow in the middle and upper powdery endoderm of corn grains. The pressure on starch particles in the growth process is very small, and most of them are round. In the process of embryo growth, a polygonal network of proteins is formed on both sides of the embryo;

使玉米淀粉颗粒形成一定形状的因素很多，主要包括以下三个因素。其一因素是不同生长部位的影响，淀粉在植物和籽粒中受到不同的压力，形成的淀粉颗粒形状不同。

There are many factors that make corn starch particles form a certain shape, mainly including the following three factors. One factor is the influence of different growth parts. Starch is under different pressure in plants and grains, and the shape of starch particles is different.

其二因素水分和蛋白质的影响，水分多、蛋白质含量低、密度小的淀粉颗粒大，反之，水分少、蛋白质含量高、密度大的淀粉颗粒小。

The second factor is the influence of water and protein. The starch particles with more water, low protein content and low density are large. On the contrary, the starch particles with less water, high protein content and high density are small.

其三因素是玉米遗传的影响，不同品种的玉米遗传不同，形成的淀粉颗粒形状也不同。胚乳分为粉质胚乳和角质胚乳两部分。粉质胚乳蛋白质含量低，含水量高，淀粉颗粒大，而角质胚乳蛋白质含量高，水分含量低，淀粉颗粒小。

The third factor is the influence of maize heredity. The heredity of different varieties of maize is different, and the shape of starch particles is also different. Endosperm is divided into two parts: powdery endosperm and horny endosperm. Powdery endosperm has low protein content, high water content and large starch particles, while horny endosperm has high protein content, low water content and small starch particles.

玉米淀粉以颗粒的形式储存在植物的各种结构中，淀粉颗粒更初在植物细胞中表现为微小的点，并迅速填满细胞层。淀粉颗粒由围绕细胞核形成的淀粉层组成。这些淀粉层形成具有植物特征的特殊形状和大小。淀粉的形状因淀粉的品种而异，颗粒的大小也不同。含水量高蛋白质少的淀粉颗粒，密度小则体积大且形状更整齐，含水量低蛋白质多的淀粉颗粒，密度大的颗粒较小。

Corn starch is stored in various structures of plants in the form of granules. Starch granules initially appear as tiny points in plant cells and quickly fill the cell layer. Starch granules are composed of starch layers formed around the nucleus. These starch layers form special shapes and sizes with plant characteristics. The shape of starch varies with the variety of starch and the size of particles. Starch particles with high water content and less protein have larger volume and more neat shape if the density is small. Starch particles with low water content and more protein have smaller density.

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