生物降解颗粒制成的塑料的原材料

根据原材料的不同，常见的生物降解塑料少有以下几种：聚己内酯（PCL）、聚乳酸（PLA）、聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)等等，下面展开内容讲讲吧。

According to different raw materials, there are at least the following kinds of common biodegradable plastics: polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), etc. Let's talk about it below.

聚己内酯（PCL）

Polycaprolactone (PCL)

这种塑料具有良好的生物降解性，熔点是62℃。分解它的微生物广泛地分布在喜气或厌气条件下。作为可生物降解材料可把它与淀粉、纤维素类的材料混合在一起，或与乳酸聚合使用。

This kind of plastic has good biodegradability, and its melting point is 62 ℃. The microorganisms that decompose it are widely distributed under the conditions of euphoria or anorexia. As a biodegradable material, it can be mixed with starch and cellulose materials, or polymerized with lactic acid.

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）及其共聚物

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and its copolymers

以PBS（熔点为114℃）为基础材料制造各种高分子量聚酯的技术已经达到工业化生产水平。

The technology of manufacturing various high molecular weight polyesters based on PBS (melting point: 114 ℃) has reached the level of industrial production.

聚乳酸（PLA）

Polylactic acid (PLA)

随着人们的环保意识的增强，解决塑料材料与环保的协调发展问题愈加凸显。可降解塑料是指在生产过程中加入一定量的添加剂(如淀粉、改性淀粉或其它纤维素、光敏剂、生物降解剂等)，稳定性下降，较容易在自然环境中降解的塑料。

With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the problem of solving the coordinated development of plastic materials and environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. Degradable plastics refer to plastics that are easy to degrade in the natural environment due to the decrease of stability due to the addition of a certain amount of additives (such as starch, modified starch or other cellulose, photosensitizers, biodegradable agents, etc.) in the production process.

可降解塑料的出现，不仅扩大了塑料功能，而且在一定程度上可缓解与环境的矛盾，节约和代替石油资源，有效地白色污染，保护环境。

The emergence of degradable plastics not only expands the function of plastics, but also alleviates the contradiction with the environment to a certain extent, saves and replaces oil resources, effectively eliminates white pollution and protects the environment.

聚乳酸(pla)是一种新型的生物降解材料，使用可再生的植物资源(如玉米)所提出的淀粉原料制成，淀粉原料经由发酵过程制成乳酸，再通过化学合成转换成聚乳酸。尽管聚乳酸具有良好的生物降解性，但聚乳酸还存在生产成本高等问题，其力学和加工性能还有待进一步提高。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a new type of biodegradable material, which is made of starch raw materials proposed by renewable plant resources (such as corn). The starch raw materials are made into lactic acid through fermentation, and then converted into polylactic acid through chemical synthesis. Although PLA has good biodegradability, it still has the problem of high production cost, and its mechanical and processing properties need to be further improved.

聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)

利用可再生资源得到的生物降解颗粒降解塑料，把脂肪族聚酯和淀粉混合在一起，生产可降解性塑料的技术也已经研究成功。在欧美，淀粉和脂肪族聚酯的共混物被广泛用来生产垃圾袋等产品。上规模大、销售好的是意大利的Novamont公司，其商品名为Mater-bi，公司的产品在欧洲和美国有较大量的应用。

The technology of using biodegradable particles obtained from renewable resources to degrade plastics and mixing aliphatic polyester and starch to produce degradable plastics has also been successfully studied. In Europe and the United States, the blend of starch and aliphatic polyester is widely used to produce garbage bags and other products. Novamont, an Italian company with a trade name of mater Bi, has a large scale and good sales in the world. Its products are widely used in Europe and the United States.

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